All research themes
Core research theme

Learning and the hybrid model

How learning and cognition redirect a basic drive into functional or dysfunctional behaviour.

Sensation seeking is a drive to explore and to seek out new experience. I argue that it is neither good nor bad. It is raw energy, and what a person learns to do with it decides the result. I call this the hybrid model of learning in personality, because it joins biological, socio-cognitive and experiential accounts of personality.

In the model, four learned capacities redirect the drive: pursuing difficult goals, planning and persevering, understanding problems in depth, and thinking rationally. People who are high in sensation seeking and high in these capacities tend toward functional outcomes. People who are high in sensation seeking and low in them tend toward dysfunctional ones.

Peter O’Connor and I tested this in “Learning to be saints or sinners” (Journal of Personality, 2008), which traced an indirect path from sensation seeking to behaviour through mastery orientation. With Elizabeth Hobman, Nerina Jimmieson and Robin Martin I compared the model with established approach and avoidance models in predicting work, university and leadership outcomes in part-time workers (British Journal of Psychology, 2009). With Peter Baguma and Adrian Furnham I found similar indirect paths to grade point average in Ugandan and Australian students (Educational Psychology, 2009).

The Learning Styles Profiler measures the model. It describes personality and learning processes, not a claim that teaching should be matched to a “learning style”.

Key papers

Where to start

  1. 2008 · Journal of Personality

    Learning to be Saints or Sinners: The Indirect Pathway from Sensation Seeking to Behavior through Mastery Orientation

    P. J. O'Connor & C. J. Jackson

    Sensation seeking influences behaviour indirectly, through mastery orientation.

  2. 2009 · British Journal of Psychology

    Comparing Different Approach and Avoidance Models of Learning and Personality in the Prediction of Work, University and Leadership Outcomes

    C. J. Jackson, E. Hobman, N. Jimmieson & R. Martin

    In two samples of part-time workers who were also students, compared the hybrid model with established models in predicting leadership, work and university outcomes.

  3. 2009 · Educational Psychology

    Predicting Grade Point Average from the hybrid model of learning in personality: Consistent findings from Ugandan and Australian Students

    C. J. Jackson, P. Baguma & A. Furnham

    In Ugandan and Australian students, sensation seeking related to grades indirectly through the socio-cognitive scales.

  4. 2011 · Journal of Research in Personality

    How sensation seeking provides a common basis for functional and dysfunctional outcomes

    C. J. Jackson

  5. 2017 · Personality and Individual Differences

    Deviant behavior in constrained environments: Sensation seeking predicts workplace deviance in shallow learners

    P. O'Connor, S. Stone, B. Walker & C. J. Jackson

Publications

24 publications in this theme

Publications on Learning and the hybrid model
YearJournalTitleThemesOpen
2022Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior TherapyProposing a measurement model of REBT and applying it to the assessment of well-being and happiness in patients with tension-type headachesZ. Izadikhah, C. J. Jackson, Z. Mohammadi & M. R. NajafiLearning & the hybrid modelWellbeing
2020Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian PsikologiHow rationality predicts individual perception of safety climate: An application of the hybrid model of learning in personalityM. D. Mustika & C. J. JacksonLearning & the hybrid model
2018Family RelationsCan deficits in emotional intelligence explain the negative relationship between abandonment schema and marital quality?P. O'Connor, Z. Izadikhah, S. Abedini & C. J. JacksonLearning & the hybrid modelWellbeing
2017Psychological BulletinIntegrating the Context-Appropriate Balanced Attention Model and Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: Towards a Domain-General Personality Process ModelM. Collins, C. J. Jackson, B. Walker, P. O'Connor & E. GardinerPersonality & motivationLearning & the hybrid model
2015The Leadership QuarterlyA process model of self regulation and leadership: How attentional resource capacity and negative emotion influence constructive and destructive leadershipM. Collins & C. J. JacksonLeadershipLearning & the hybrid model
2015Journal of Managerial PsychologyPersonality and learning processes underlying maverickismE. Gardiner & C. J. JacksonDivergenceLearning & the hybrid model
2012Journal of Affective DisordersMechanisms underlying REBT in mood disordered patients: Predicting depression from the hybrid model of learningC. J. Jackson, Z. Izadikhah & T. OeiLearning & the hybrid modelWellbeing
2012American Journal of PsychologyThe Effect of Context on Performance Approach Goal OrientationZ. Izadikhah, C. J. Jackson & M. J. IrelandLearning & the hybrid modelPersonality & motivation
2011Journal of Research in PersonalityHow sensation seeking provides a common basis for functional and dysfunctional outcomesC. J. JacksonLearning & the hybrid modelDivergence
2011British Journal of PsychologyInvestigating the Moderating Effect of Rewarding Climate on Mastery Approach Orientation in the Prediction of Work PerformanceZ. Izadikhah & C. J. JacksonLearning & the hybrid modelPersonality & motivation
2010Personality and Individual DifferencesAn integrative approach to personality: Behavioural approach system, mastery approach orientation and environmental cues in the prediction of work performanceZ. Izadikhah, C. J. Jackson & N. LoxtonLearning & the hybrid modelPersonality & motivation
2010Personality and Individual Differences: Current Directions (R. Hicks, Ed.), Australian Academic PressFunctional and dysfunctional learningC. J. JacksonLearning & the hybrid model
2010Personality and Individual DifferencesImpulsivity and reversal learning in hazardous alcohol useM. J. Gullo, C. J. Jackson & S. DaweDivergenceLearning & the hybrid model
2010Personality and Individual Differences: Theory, Assessment, and Application (S. Boag & N. Tiliopoulos, Eds.), NovaIntroducing the YWEDO online cognitive laboratoryC. J. JacksonLearning & the hybrid model
2010Personality and Individual Differences: Current Directions (R. Hicks, Ed.), Australian Academic PressThe role of emotional intelligence in moral judgementV. S. Athota, P. O'Connor & C. J. JacksonLearning & the hybrid model
2010Personality and Individual Differences: Current Directions (R. E. Hicks, Ed.), Australian Academic PressThe significance of different viewpoints in self-regulation studies: Similarities and differences between mastery and performance approach orientationsZ. Izadikhah & C. J. JacksonLearning & the hybrid modelPersonality & motivation
2009British Journal of PsychologyComparing Different Approach and Avoidance Models of Learning and Personality in the Prediction of Work, University and Leadership OutcomesC. J. Jackson, E. Hobman, N. Jimmieson & R. MartinLeadershipLearning & the hybrid model
2009Educational PsychologyPredicting Grade Point Average from the hybrid model of learning in personality: Consistent findings from Ugandan and Australian StudentsC. J. Jackson, P. Baguma & A. FurnhamLearning & the hybrid model
2008Journal of PersonalityLearning to be Saints or Sinners: The Indirect Pathway from Sensation Seeking to Behavior through Mastery OrientationP. J. O'Connor & C. J. JacksonLearning & the hybrid modelDivergence
2008European Journal of Psychological AssessmentThe factor structure and validity of the Learning Styles Profiler (LSP)P. O'Connor & C. J. JacksonLearning & the hybrid modelMeasurement
2007Personality and Social Psychology BulletinDistinguishing between learning and motivation in behavioral tests of the reinforcement sensitivity theory of personalityL. D. Smillie, L. I. Dalgleish & C. J. JacksonPersonality & motivationLearning & the hybrid model
2002Selection and Development ReviewThe importance of team learningC. J. Jackson & H. LaboreroLearning & the hybrid modelEvidence & innovation
1999Personality and Individual DifferencesPersonality, learning style and work performanceA. Furnham, C. J. Jackson & T. MillerLearning & the hybrid model
1996Personality and Individual DifferencesExplaining the overlap between personality and learning styleC. J. Jackson & M. Lawty-JonesLearning & the hybrid model

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